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The Romans obtained their first land possession in Asia Minor through the will of King Attalus III of Pergamon (r. 138–133 B.C.) who died in May, 133 B.C. A revolt led by his half-brother Aristonicus, who wanted to prevent the disposition, was suppressed after bitter fighting in 129 B.C. Subsequently, a province, given the name Asia, was set up in the territory of the kingdom of Pergamon1. Ephesos (Selçuk) was named as the capital city, which could already boast considerable advantages due to its coastal location compared to the former royal seat at Pergamon (Bergama), situated more than 20 km inland. The territorial extent of the province altered on various occasions: in ca. 120 B.C. a large part of Phrygia was assigned to the province of Asia, in 102 B.C. regions in the south-east were separated and consolidated into their own province of Cilicia, and in around A.D. 250 Asia was further reduced by the establishment of an independent province of Phrygia et Caria2.
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